Dna Sequencing Essay - 1043 Words

DNA Sequencing: Algorithms that Convert Physical to Digital EFFECTS: DNA sequencing, specifically with small â€Å"nanopore† sequencers, have the potential to advance medicine by increasing scientific knowledge of diseases and improving medical diagnosis in remote areas. The leading sequencer today is the MinION, which is an incredible 10x3x2cm and only requires a USB connection to a computer [5]. The MinION currently can sequence viral and bacterial genomes, but will expand to include full human genomes. The MinION’s size and capabilities allow it to target the microscopic source of ailments outside of the laboratory and in a greatly reduced amount of time. Soon after its deployment in 2014, the MinION was used to sequence a salmonella†¦show more content†¦A 100mV voltage is applied across the protein, which draws the DNA through the pore. When a DNA nucleotide is in the pore, a sensor records the change in current as an event [1]. This change in current is stored in a FAST5 file type, which stores metadata and the events [7]. The FAST5 data files then undergo â€Å"base calling†--correlating one of the four nucleotides in DNA with each event--in Amazon Cloud with a software called Metrichor or with offline open-source software called Nanocall [7]. To reduce error rates, base calling algorithms are based off the Viterbi algorithm, which determines the most probable â€Å"path† based upon surrounding measurements. In the case of base calling, the surrounding 5 or 6 nucleotides are examined, 5 having 1024 combinations and 6 having 4096 combinations [9]. While using 6 nucleotides doubles the analysis time, it improves the accuracy of base calling [5]. After base calling, the all analyzed events are compiled into a single complete sequence. This sequence is then compared to sequences in databases such as What’s in My Pot (WIMP) or 16S, which match the sequenced DNA to a specific species [8]. Because of the high speed of the input and base calling, usually species identification is done in real-time [8]. c. CONCERNS: In the realm of DNA sequencing, two main security concerns could threaten the computer systemsShow MoreRelated Human Genome Project Essay3161 Words   |  13 PagesHuman Genome Project Essay The Human Genome Initiative is a worldwide research effort that has the goal of analyzing the sequence of human DNA and determining the location of all human genes. Begun in 1990, the U.S. Human Genome project was originally planned to last 15 years but now is projected to be complete in 13 years. This project was started to find the 80,000 - 100,000 human genes and to determine the sequence of the 3 - billion chemical bases that make up human DNA. The information generatedRead MoreThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. 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